Early Life and Rise to Power:
Born in 1707 into a Jat family in Bharatpur, Surajmal displayed immense ambition and strategic acumen from a young age.
He established Bharatpur in 1743, fortifying it with a massive wall and transforming it into a powerful kingdom.
The impregnable Lohagarh Fort, built by Surajmal, stands as a testament to his engineering prowess and remains the only unconquered fort in India.
Military Victories and Strategic Alliances:
Surajmal’s military exploits were remarkable. He successfully captured Agra, Aligarh, and Delhi, demonstrating his dominance in North India.
He played a pivotal role in the Battle of Bagru, contributing to the Maratha victory over the Mughals.
His strategic alliances with Safdar Jang and later with the Marathas proved crucial in expanding his influence and consolidating his power.
Leadership and Vision:
Surajmal wasn’t just a military leader; he was a visionary statesman. He envisioned a united India and actively promoted tolerance and respect for all religions.
He appointed individuals based on merit, regardless of their faith, and protected historical monuments built by other religions.
He championed the cause of farmers, recognizing their importance in society and implementing reforms to improve their lives.
Major Battles and Conflicts:
Plunder of Old Delhi: Suraj Mal, alongside Safdar Jang, sacked parts of Delhi in 1751, weakening the Mughal power.
Battle of Kumher: He successfully defended Bharatpur against Maratha attacks, inflicting significant losses on Khanderao Holkar’s forces.
Battle of Bharatpur: Suraj Mal’s army repelled the Afghan forces under Ahmad Shah Abdali, preventing further advances towards Delhi.
Capture of Agra Fort: His strategic capture of Agra in 1761 demonstrated his military prowess and re-established his influence in the Doaba region.
Death and Legacy:
Suraj Mal’s tragic death in 1763, likely during an ambush by the Rohillas, marked the end of his remarkable reign.
His legacy lives on through his architectural marvels like Lohagarh Fort, the imposing chattris in Govardhan, and institutions named after him.
He is remembered as a courageous leader, a skilled strategist, and a visionary who championed unity, tolerance, and social justice.
Beyond the Battles:
While this overview focuses on Suraj Mal’s military achievements, it’s important to remember his broader legacy. He was a complex and multifaceted figure who transcended the battlefield. His vision for a united India, his promotion of religious harmony, and his commitment to social reforms deserve equal recognition.
